技术方法的进步与地球科学的发展     

丁悌平 《地学前缘》1998,5(1):9-15

地球科学作为自然科学的一大门类,其发展速度十分惊人。地球科学的迅速发展一方面反映了人类生产的发展对资源和环境方面愈来愈高的要求,一方面得益于科学技术的普遍发展为地球科学研究提供的越来越有利的条件。关于技术方法对地球科学研究的推动作用,人们早有认识,而现在更为深刻。当今对地球科学研究影响最大的关键技术,包括空间技术,深部探测技术,高新分析测试技术和数据综合分析技术,均来源于现代科学技术的最新发展。为了推动地球科学研究,不但要注意引进各种高新技术,还要注意将这些技术与地学研究相结合,发展和创造适合于地学研究的高新技术,并善于综合应用它们,使它们在地学研究中发挥最有效的作用。  相似文献   

INVESTIGATION OF STATUS AND DEMAND ON PUBLIC SERVICE OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION IN CHINA          下载免费PDF全文

DONG Li-na  LIAN Wei-ping  CHEN Wei-tao  MA Hai-jian 《地震地质》1979,42(3):762-771

In order to make a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the status and demands of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation, we launched an investigation with Social Opinion Polling Center of National Bureau of Statistics on the current situation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation and the demands for it in 2018. The investigation was conducted for 18~75-year-old residents for both urban and rural areas in 31 provinces of China mainland using the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview(CATI)method and 20 078 valid samples were received in total. The questionnaire mainly includes two parts: the current situation assessment and the demand survey. The assessment of public service status consists of five indicators: earthquake emergency drill, knowledge publicity of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, acquisition of earthquake information, reliability of information released by earthquake agencies, and overall satisfaction. The results indicate that only 27.4% of public have participated the earthquake emergency drill, and 73.5% of public have learned some knowledge about earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in different level. It shows that rural residents have a lower level of scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation although the rural residents have a higher level of satisfaction. Meanwhile, 82.9% of the public are very concerned about earthquake-related information, and the earthquake information acquisition convenience score is 81.51 points(the full score is 100 points). At present, TV is still the most popular way to obtain the earthquake-related information, besides that, network and the new media app such as Wechat and Weibo play a more and more important role. In terms of the reliability of official information published by the earthquake administration, the score is 83.69 points which indicates that the public tend to believe in official departments. Furthermore, the degree of satisfaction evaluation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation is marked 76.44 points which shows that there is still much room for improvement. The more educated the public, the less satisfied they are with the public service of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. The results also show that 51.81% of the public are willing to obtain earthquake warning information at their own expense. As for the demand, the most expectative services for the public are post-earthquake rescue and reconstruction, earthquake warning, and house earthquake resilience test. The results of the investigation may provide some reference for the government to provide better services of earthquake disaster mitigation and to make scientific knowledge popularization in a more scientific way.  相似文献   

地理学本科生科研训练体系的构建与实践   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

葛岳静  王静爱  杨胜天  朱良  刘宝元 《地理科学进展》2010,29(5)

大学本科阶段是创新性人才培养的关键时期。北京师范大学地理学基地一直在努力探索本科生早期科研训练的机制、模式与途径,以研究性教学和教学科研互动的新理念,依托基地所拥有的国家、教育部和北京市重点实验室、国家一级重点学科、国家级科学研究和教学研究项目等丰富的科研资源和院士、长江学者、杰出青年基金获得者、教学名师等高水平的首席导师+教学团队师资,建立并完善本科生科研立项制度,构建多学科平台、多元模式、多阶段的阶段-学科-能力三维体系的因材施教的科研训练体系。  相似文献   

2005～2015年中国高校科研人才的时空变化及影响因素分析     

王若宇  黄旭  薛德升  刘晔 《地理科学》2019,39(8):1199-1207

基于2005~2015年全国统计年鉴数据,采用统计地图法和空间自相关分析,分析中国高校科研人才的时空分布特征（不包括港澳台数据）,并采用面板负二项回归模型,识别高校科研人才空间分布的决定因素。研究结果表明:①中国的高校科研人才分布表现出较强的空间不均衡性,总体趋势为东南密集,西北稀疏,科研人才高度集中在北京、天津、上海;②高校科研人才分布具有一定的空间集聚特征,其热点地区为北京、天津、上海和江苏等沿海省市,冷点地区集中分布在广大的西部地区和黑龙江省。2005~2015年,高级职称人才的空间集聚程度有所减弱,而中初级职称科研人才的空间集聚程度有所加强;③人才政策、高等教育规模和层次、公共服务水平和信息化水平是所有高校科研人才空间分布的主要影响因素。从职称差异的角度来看,薪酬和失业率等经济因素仅对初级职称科研人才的分布有影响,医疗、文化公共服务水平和人才政策仅对中高级职称科研人才的分布有影响,高等教育的规模与层次对各种职称人才的分布均有影响;从地区差异的角度来看,西部地区高校科研人才受到经济因素影响更为明显,而中东部高校科研人才受到公共服务水平影响的更为明显。  相似文献   

行业发展时局综述与可持续发展思考     

修龙 《中国勘察设计》2010,(7):37-41

随着国民经济的持续快速发展和城镇化进程的加快,建筑业作为国民经济的重要行业迎来了难得历史机遇,建筑设计行业作为建筑业的重要组成部分,发挥着越来越重要的作用。随着经济增长方式地转变和产业结构调整地不断深入,建筑设计行业来到了历史发展的关键点,如何落实科学发展观,实现行业发展健康、可持续并始终引领建筑业发展,应引行业从业人员地重视与思考。  相似文献   

Water Flows Toward Power: Socioecological Degradation of Lake Urmia,Iran   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Azad Henareh Khalyani  Audrey L. Mayer  Emma S. Norman 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(7):759-767

Water is an invaluable resource, and equitable access to it is a fundamental human right. Disenfranchised groups often lose access to water resources because their interests are not well represented by decision makers. Excluding these groups from resource management policy often results in myopic decisions that contribute to further ecosystem damage. We describe the ecological degradation of Lake Urmia in Iran, which has recently experienced increased salinity and declining water quantity. The lake is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and Ramsar site, and supports unique biodiversity in the region. The lake's decline is driven by the destruction of Zagros forests and the government's water policies, which diverted water to more politically connected agricultural land users, increasing social inequity and prompting more deforestation. The most straightforward restoration solution is to discontinue the diversions and allow critical inflows to recharge Lake Urmia, preserving the lake and wetlands for migratory birds, tourists, and local communities.  相似文献   

Geospatial spreadsheets with microscale air quality visualization and synchronization for supporting multiple-scenario visual collaboration     

Seung Man An  Ho-Young Lee  Byungsoo Kim  Chae-Yeon Yi  Jeong-Hee Eum 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(12):2511-2532

A major obstacle of the interdisciplinary communications for decision-making is that each participant prefers the solution from their own area because current collaboration systems cannot effectively mediate among many alternatives. If a visual collaboration system could display multiple alternatives in a single visual presentation, users would be able to compare alternatives with only a few variables, where all other parameters are fixed, at least from a visual perspective. In this study, we developed a visualization tool to support a microscale air quality (MSAQ) management group, the members of which often need to compare the effects of many alternative control methods. The main achievements of this study are: (1) three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the MSAQ using a 3D city model and (2) development of a geospatial spreadsheet (GS) to facilitate visual comparisons, thereby improving decision-making by making it easy to compare differences based on realistic visual display items. A questionnaire-based survey showed that use of the GS could generate a shared perspective and provide a spatiotemporal context for the participants, thereby making it easy to compare, mediate and reach decisions when confronted with many alternatives.  相似文献   

吐鲁番盆地冬季气温变化及特色林果冬季冻害指标分析     

戴湘艳  吕衡彦 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(1):51-56

利用吐鲁番东坎农业气象试验站和鄯善气象站近52a（1960-2011年）冬季逐日资料,分析入冬期、冬季平均气温、极端最低气温、低温日数、负积温变化特征,以及特色林果葡萄、红枣冻害发生年最低气温的变化特征,探讨冬季气温变化与冻害发生的关系,总结冻害成灾指标,为防止果树冻害提供理论依据。分析结果表明：吐鲁番盆地冬季平均气温和最低气温呈上升趋势,入冬期偏晚,冬季结束时间提早,冬季持续日数缩短;冬季气温在1985年发生突变,存在7a的周期变化。在无稳定积雪的情况下,最低气温负积温较历年平均值低180．0℃以上,日最低气温≤-18．0℃持续15d以上,且日最低气温连续≤-20．0℃持续5d以上,休眠期的红枣、杏树花芽会发生中度冻害;最低气温负积温较常年低200．0℃以上,日最低气温≤-20．0℃持续7d以上,且日最低气温≤-21．0℃持续5d以上,红枣、杏树及无积雪、覆土厚度〈30cm的葡萄会发生严重冻害。  相似文献   

兰州市地质灾害特征与防治对策研究     

宿星  王得楷  董艳艳  施泽东  张连科 《地质灾害与环境保护》2014,(2):3-6

从地质环境条件、地质灾害特征和城市发展建设方面,分析兰州市地质灾害的成因。从科学技术和社会管理方面,结合国内外的经验和兰州的实际,提出兰州市地质灾害防治的对策和建议。该研究的突破在于把地质灾害防治的科技支撑与社会管理相结合。  相似文献   

科学深钻DPI-1智能化多功能钻参仪的研制与应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗光强 《地质与勘探》2014,50(4):777-782

在科学钻探中,智能化钻参仪被称为“钻井工程的眼睛”。根据深部钻探项目需要,研制了一套DPI-1智能化多功能钻参仪系统,它能检测多路关键钻进参数,自动生成电子班报表,建立数据库管理系统,完成数据近程基地无线传输和远程网络传输。科学钻探现场试验证明,该系统安装简便、测试精度高、稳定性好、实用性强,可广泛适用于配套转盘钻机、立轴钻机、全液压钻机等不同类型钻机。  相似文献